Pulse Energy–Power Converter
Convert between pulse energy, average power, peak power, fluence, and irradiance for pulsed laser beams.
Pulsed laser parameters are linked through three relationships: average power equals pulse energy times repetition rate (P_avg = Q × f_rep); peak power equals a shape-factor-corrected pulse energy divided by pulse duration (φ_pk = k × Q / τ); and fluence and peak irradiance follow when a beam area is provided. This tool converts between those quantities given pulse energy, repetition rate, pulse duration, and pulse shape (Gaussian, sech², or rectangular — each carrying a different peak-to-average ratio correction factor). An optional beam waist radius input extends the calculation to per-unit-area quantities: fluence in J/cm² and peak irradiance in W/cm². These are the quantities that determine material processing thresholds, nonlinear absorption onsets, and optical damage limits in coatings and bulk media.