Integrating Sphere Calculator
Calculate sphere multiplier, throughput, detector signal, and temporal response for integrating sphere designs.
An integrating sphere spatially homogenizes light through multiple Lambertian reflections, producing a uniform radiance at any port regardless of the input beam's angle or spatial profile. The sphere multiplier M = ρ / (1 − ρ(1 − f)) quantifies this enhancement, where ρ is wall reflectance and f is the fractional port area — the two parameters that dominate sphere performance. This calculator offers two modes: Sphere Response computes surface area, port fraction, sphere multiplier, wall irradiance, sphere radiance, and uniformity error for a given sphere diameter, coating (Spectralon, BaSO₄, Infragold, or custom), and port configuration; Detector Signal adds source flux, detector port index, and responsivity to return throughput efficiency, photocurrent, and temporal response. Use this tool when designing a sphere for power measurement, source calibration, or reflectance standards.