General Optics Principles

Foundational optics overview — reflection, refraction, Fermat's principle, paraxial approximations, stops and pupils, f-number, numerical aperture, étendue, and ray matrix methods.

Comprehensive Guide

Full academic treatment with worked examples, SVG diagrams, and cited references.

Available now →
Abridged Guide

Concise quick-reference with key equations, decision tables, and practical workflows.

Available now →
Tools & Calculators

Interactive design tools — enter parameters, get component recommendations.

F-Number & NA Calculator →Ray Matrix Calculator →
2 tools available →
More in Optics
Optical Materials
Available
Windows & Optical Flats
Available
Lenses
Available
Reflective Optics & Mirrors
Available
Filters
Available
Beam Splitters
Available
Complex Lens Assemblies
Available
Optical Coatings
Available
Polarization & Polarizers
Available
Diffractive Optics
Available
Laser Damage Threshold
Available
Fiber Optics Fundamentals
Available

All information, equations, and calculations have been compiled and verified to the best of our ability. For mission-critical applications, we recommend independent verification of all values. If you find an error, please let us know.